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This section provides diagnostic services to the
Centre which include Clinical pathology,
Histopathology and Cytopathology. It performs
on an average 36,000 investigations per year. In addition teaching
and training programmes in ocular pathology are also conducted for
other medical colleges and hospitals in India.
Research work on orbital, intraocular tumors &
eyelid tumors, glaucoma and corneal pathologies is being done. The
department organized Ocular pathology workshop under the Indian
Association of Ocular Pathologist on 25th March, 2006.
A.
Services provided by the ocular pathology section.
(I) Histopathology
& Frozen section :
Diagnostic
histopathology of ocular specimens received from operation theatre.
In addition frozen section guided excision of lid tumors and frozen
section for various histochemical stains is also done.
(II)
Cytopathology:
a)
Impression
Cytology: Done for diagnosis of dry eye,
corneal,
conjunctival neoplasias,ulcerative eye lid lesions.
b)
FNAC
(Fine needle aspiration cytology): Being done for
pre-operative
diagnosis of palpable orbital, eyelid lesion and
enlarged lymph
node.
c)
Vitreous and aqueous cytology:
For intraocular
lymphomas and metastatic endophthalmitis
(III)
Clinical Pathology:
a) Blood
investigations are done with the help of Auto analyzer.
Hemogram
TLC-Total Leukocyte count.
DLC-Differential Leukocyte count.
ESR-
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate.
Platelet count.
Peripheral blood
film
b) Urine
analysis – Routine examination including urine for-
Protein
Sugar
Microscopy.
c) Sample
collection for all investigations at various Dr. R. P.
Centre
laboratories.
(IV)
Immunohistochemistry:
Diagnostic and
research purposes-Aids in differential diagnosis of tumours and as
cancer biomarkers
(V)
Molecular Pathology Laboratory
· As
a part of the Department of Ocular Pathology, this section which was
formally inaugurated in March 2009 undertakes tests based on various
molecular biology tools including polymerase chain reaction (PCR),Methylation
specific PCR (MSP), ISH, Reverse -Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)
for mRNA expression analysis, mutational analysis (collaboration)
for research purposes.
·
The
research is presently related to cancer biology of various ocular
malignancies.
·
This
section also provides training to undergraduates, post graduate
students in basic molecular biology techniques and
immunohistochemistry.
Museum:
Ocular Pathology
Museum was started by Prof. Ratnakar in 1976. Interesting cases of
lid, orbital lesion, intra ocular tumor are still being preserved
for teaching purposes.
B. Research
work:
(a) Extramural
Research Projects:
1.
ICMR project on “Diagnosis of ocular
and orbital round cell tumours in children by Immunohistochemistry”
(1989-91).
2.
ICMR project on “Immunophenotypic
characterization of ocular lymphoproliferative disorders”
(1998-2001).
3.
ICMR project on “Prognostic markers in
Retinoblastoma – An immunohistochemical study” (Collaborative with
Pediatric Oncology and IRCH.) (2002-05).
4.
ICMR – “Detection of HPV genome in
malignant ocular lesions” (2008-2010)
5.
ICMR project on: ‘Role of Stratifin in
ocular surface squamous cell neoplasia and it’s correlation with
other tumour suppressor markers’ (2010-ongoing)
6.
ICMR project on: ‘Ocular Adnexal
Lymphomas and Chlamydia: An immunophenotypic and
molecular study’ (2011-ongoing)
7.
ICMR project on Retinoblastoma: ‘High
Mobility Group Proteins (HMG) : Non-Histone Chromosomal Proteins’
(2011-ongoing)
8.
ICMR
project on: ‘Evaluation of clinical and histopathological factors
associated with success of MMC augmented trabeculectomy among
primary glaucomas in India’ (2011-ongoing)
(b)
Research projects funded by All India Institute of Medical Sciences
(AIIMS)
1.
“Human papilloma virus in conjunctival
neoplasias” (2000-01).
2.
“Immunohistochemical detection of HSV-1
in non-specific keratitis” (2003-04).
3. “P53 expression in sebaceous gland carcinoma of
the eye lid- An immunohistochemical study” (2004-05).
4.
“Retinoblastoma protein (pRB)
expression in human eyes and ocular tumors(2005-06).
5.
“Immunophenotype characterization of
small lymphocytic lymphomas of the eye”. (May-2007-08)
6.
“p53 and mdm2 expression in orbital
Rhabdomyosarcoma of childhood and IHC.”
7.
Identification of Human Papilloma Virus types in malignant ocular
tumours (May 2009-11)
8.
Immunohistochemical detection of cancer
stem cell markers in retinoblastoma. (May 2009-10)
9.
Expression of CDC25A and CDC25B
Proteins (Cell Division Cycle 25 Protein (CDC25) Proto-Oncogenes by
Immunohistochemistry in Retinoblastoma (May 2011)
10.
Immunohistochemical expression of PLK1
and PLK3 (Polo-Like Kinases (PLK) Cell Cycle Regulators) Proteins in
Retinoblastoma (May 2011)
11.
Estrogen and progesterone receptors in
Sebaceous Carcinoma (May 2011)
(c)
Collaborative Research Projects including Ph.D Thesis:
1.
Experimental study on role of stem cells (Collaboration with
Glaucoma and stem cell facility) in glaucoma (May 2010 onwards)
2.
An open labeled, prospective study to
evaluate the efficacy and safety of ReliNethra (an autologous
bio-engineered composite limbal epithelial graft).
(Reliance)-completed
3.
Efficacy and safety of Restasis in management of dry eye July 2006
(completed).
4.
Culture of Limbal stem cells for ocular surface reconstruction in
stem cell deficiency diseases (DBT)-2006.(completed)
5.
Assesment of Safety and efficacy of Relinethre TM – EAU
(an antilogous bioengineered conjunctiva) in the treatment of
conjunctival disorders (2008 onwards).
6.
IH
and molecular studies on WntB-Catenin signaling pathway in
sebaceous cell carcinoma of the eye lid. (Ph.D.Thesis
March 2007 onwards).
7. Isolation, Expansion & characterization of corneal limbal
epithelial cells (Ph.D. Thesis 2007).
8. Identification and characterization of differentially expressed
gene
in human retinoblastoma (PhD Thesis 2007.)
9. Molecular studies and expression of
cell cycle regulatory
proteins in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
(PhD Thesis
February
2009)
10. Molecular Analysis of Mitochondrial Genes Associated with
Tumorigenesis
in Retinoblastoma (PhD Thesis February
2011)
11.
“Strategies for extending utilization of donor corneal
tissues for corneal transplantation by
harnessing their full
clinical potential”
(Ph.D Thesis submitted Feb 2010)
12. Evaluation of role of cultivated oral mucosal epithelial
cells
in
patients with bilateral acute ocular burns as compared to
amniotic membrane transplantation. Multi
institutional
project AIIMS & PGIMER (Chandigarh). (A DBT funded
project) - Collaboration with stem cell facility, AIIMS
and Cornea Unit
13.
Evaluation of
Tumour Angiogenesis (VEGF) in locally
advanced Retinoblastoma (DM Thesis IRCH)
14.
Malignant tumours of
the eye and orbit in children: The
varied clinical profile and role of tumour markers in
management.
(CSIR project)
15.
Correlation between clinical features, imaging characteristics
and
histopathological findings in advanced intraocular
retinoblastoma."
( IRG project 2010-2011)
Books and
Chapters Published:
1.
Atlas of Ophthalmic
Pathology.Sen S. HMG Publishers,
2002.
A
collection of over 550 colour illustrations and brief
clinicopathologic descriptions of common Ophthalmic disorders.
2. Chapter titled “Illustrative Ocular Pathology” Kashyap S
in “Postgraduate Ophthalmology” book by
Chaudhary
and Vanathi . Jaypee Publishers 2011
Research
Publications:
1.
Seema Kashyap,
Rachna Meel, Neelam Pushker,Seema Sen, B Chawla, Supriyo Ghose.
Clinical Predictors of high risk histopathology factors in
Retinoblastoma . Paed Blood Cancer 2011;
Jun 30. doi:
10.1002/pbc.23239. [Epub ahead of print]
2.
Kashyap S,
Meel R, Pushker N, Sen S, Bakhshi S, Bajaj MS, Chawla B, Sethi S,
Ghose S, Chandra M. Phthisis bulbi in Retinoblastoma. Clin
Experiment Ophthalmol.
2010 Oct 8. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02426 [Epub ahead of
print]
3.
Seema Kashyap,Rachna
Meel, Neelam Pushker .Orbital Nocardiosis Ind J Pathol Microbiol
2010 ; 53 : 844- 845.
4.
4.
Seema Kashyap, Rachna Meel, MS Bajaj, Neelam Pushker.
Ocular Oncocytoma .
Ind J Pathol Microbiol 2010 ; 53 : 882-
883.
5.
5. Jayaraj P, Sen S,
Kashyap S et al Does β-catenin have a role
in pathogenesis of sebaceous cell
carcinoma of the eyelid?
Br J Ophthalmol 2011; 95:284-287.
6.
Sen Seema,
Betharia Subhash M.,Dawar Ramesh, Sharma
Sanjay, Kashyap Seema IJPM. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma of
the
Ocular Adnexa - A clinicopathological analysis from Northern
India.
2010 Dec. 53(4) 856-8.
7.
7.
Kashyap S, Pushker N, Meel R, Sen S, Bajaj MS et al Orbital
schwannoma with cystic degeneration. Clin and
Exp Ophthalmology 2009;37(3): 293-8.
8.
8. Sen S, Sharma
A, Panda A.Immunohistochemical localization of
human papilloma virus in conjunctival
neoplasias: A retrospective
study. .
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2007, 55:361-3.
9.
Kashyap S, Sen S, Sharma MC, Betharia SM, Bajaj MS:
Alveolar soft part sarcoma
of the orbit: report of three cases.
Can
J Ophthalmology 2004; 39 : 552-556.
10.
Sen S,
Mahindrakar A, Betharia SM, Bajaj MS, Kashyap S,
Ghose S :
Pleomorphic adenomas of the lacrimal gland:
a clinicipathological analysis : Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004 ;
32:
523-525.
11.
Sen S,
Venkatesh P, Moolchand.Primary Intraocular Hydatid
cyst with
Glaucoma. J Pediatr Ophthalmol.Strabismus. 2003; 40
(5):
312-3.
12.
Sen
S, Kashyap S, Singh UB, Nagasuresh V, Chand M, Garg
SP Intraocular
tuberculosis mimicking retinoblastoma-A case
report. Diagnostic Cytopathology 2003; 28: 107-109.
13.
Sen
S, Kashyap S, S.M.Betharia SM: Primary Orbital
Plasmacytoma-A case
report Orbit 2003; 22: 317-319.
14.
Sen S, Kashyap S, Thanikachalam S, Betharia
SM: Primitive
Neuroectodermal tumour of the orbit-Report of a case.
J Pediatr
Ophthalmol Strabismus 2002; 39: 242-244.
15.
Kashyap S, Sen S, Sharma MC, Sethi A. Diagnostic
intraocular
aspiration cytology of choroidal melanoma.
Diagn.Cytopathol.
2002: 26: 389- 391.
16.
Kashyap S,Sen S,Betharia SM,Dade VK; Mesenchymal
chondrosarcoma of the orbit a clinicopathological study
Orbit
2001:20;63-68.
17.
Kashyap S. Kapila k,
Verma K;Cytologic spectrum seen in fine
needle
aspirates from Thyroglossal Cysts:J Cytol 2001:18;2124.
18.
Kashyap S: Intraocular fine needle aspiration biopsy
in
Retinoblastoma.DOS Times 2001:7;26.
19. Seema Sen, U. Singha, H. Kumar, S.Ghose, T. Sarkar,
M.S.
Bajaj.
Diagnostic Intraocular Fine - Needle Aspiration
Biopsy -
An Experience in 3 cases of Retinoblastoma.Diagnostic
Cytopathology1999;21:331-334.
20. Seema Sen, M.S. Bajaj, M. Vijayaraghavan.
Histoplasmosis of
the Eyelids A case report. Indian Journal of
Pathology and
Microbiology 1999; 42:495-497.
21.
Kashyap S,Kapila K,Kumar N,Geeta G,Rath GK,Verma
K;Nucleolar organizer regions and morphologic subtypes of squamous
cell carcinoma of squamous cell carcinoma of cervix..Ind J Pathol
Microbiol 1998;41:303-308.
Awards and Honours
1.
Primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PPNET) of the orbit, A 10
year review.This was adjudged as the Best
Paper in the Orbit session Presented at 69th AIOS conf held in
Ahmedabad 3-6th Feb 2011.
2.
“Role of impression cytology in the diagnosis of
malignant ulcerative eyelid lesions” was awarded
the 2nd best poster prize. Annual cytology conference
at Allahabad, Dec 2007.
3.
“Intraocular FNAC of Uveal Melanomas”
was adjuged as the best poster at Annual conference
of Indian Academy of cytologists in Pune 2003 .
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