This section provides diagnostic services to the Centre which include Clinical pathology (including blood and urine sample collection), Histopathology and Cytopathology.  It performs on an average 36,000 investigations per year.  There is an ocular pathology museum, teaching and training programme in ocular pathology is also being provided for other medical colleges and hospitals in India.

Extensive work on orbital, intraocular tumors & eyelid tumors is being done.The department has also organized first  Ocular pathology workshop under the Indian Association of Ocular Pathologist on 25^th March, 2006.

 A.  Services provided by the ocular pathology section.

 (I)     Histopathology & Frozen section :

      Diagnostic histopathology of ocular specimens received from operation theatre include corneal buttons, orbital, ocular tissues and trabeculectomy specimens.  In addition frozen section guided excision of lid tumors and frozen section for various histochemical stains is also done.                 

   

 Cryostat machine for rapid per operative diagnosis and fat stains 

    

 Well differentiated Retinoblastoma (Haematoxylin & Eosin Stain)

 

 (II)  Cytopathology:

 

      i.     Impression Cytology:  Done for diagnosis  of  dry eye,  corneal ,  conjunctival neoplasias,ulcerative eye lid lesions. 

  

 PAS Stain  (Goblet cells)

 

       ii.   FNAC (Fine needle aspiration cytology):  Being done for pre-operative diagnosis of palpable orbital, eyelid lesion and enlarged lymph node.                                             

     

Sebaceous gland Carcinoma

 (Papanicolaou stain )  

 

 

 Metastatic adenocarcinoma  (MGG stsin)  

         (III)  Clinical Pathology:

 a)     Blood investigation  by Auto analyzer.

  Hemogram – TLC-Total Leukocyte count.

                       DLC-Differential Leukocyte count.

               ESR- Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate.

                Platelet count.

                Peripheral smear. 

 Autoanalyser

 

           b)    Urine analysis – Routine examination including urine for-

                   Protein 

                   Sugar

                   Microscopy.

 c)      Blood sample collection for all tests done at        Dr.  R. P. Centre laboratories.

 (IV)        Immunohistochemistry:   

Being done routinely for both diagnostic and research purposes.

        

Vimentin For Mesenchymal lesions

 

         

p53 tumor suppressor  gene in Rb. 

       

Museum:

 Interesting cases of lid, orbital lesion, intra ocular tumor,  preserved for teaching

 purpose.

 

B.  Research work: 

(a)    Extramural Research Projects: 

1.          ICMR project on “Diagnosis of ocular and orbital round cell tumours in children by Immunohistochemistry” (1989-91). 

2.           ICMR project on “Immunophenotypic characterization of ocular lymphoproliferative disorders” (1998-2001). 

3.           ICMR project on “Prognostic markers in Retinoblastoma – An immunohistochemical study”  (Collaborative with Pediatric Oncology and IRCH.) (2002-05). 

4.           ICMR – “Detection of HPV genome in malignant ocular lesions” (2008-ongoing)  

(b)   Research projects funded by All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) 

1.    Institute research grant ad-hoc Research project:   “Human papilloma virus in conjunctival neoplasias”    (2000-01).  

2.    Institute research grant ad-hoc Research project:   “Immunohistochemical detection of HSV-1 in non- specific keratitis” (2003-04). 

3.    Institute research grant ad-hoc Research project:   “P53 expression in sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eye lid- An immunohistochemical study” (2004-05). 

4.    Institute research grant ad-hoc Research project:   “Retinoblastoma protein  (pRB) expression in human eyes and ocular tumors(2005-06). 

5.    Instisute research grant ad-hoc research project “Immunophenotype characterization of small lymphocytic lymphomas of the eye.  (May-2007).” 

6.    Instisute research grant ad-hoc research project “p53 and mdm2 expression in orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma of childhood and IHC.”  

(c)   Collaborative Research Projects: 

1.      An open labeled, prospective study to evaluate the efficacy  and safety  of ReliNethra (an autologous bio-engineered composite limbal  epithelial graft). (Reliance)-completed 

2.      Efficacy and safety of Restasis in management of dry eye  July 2006 (completed). 

3.      Culture of Limbal stem cells for ocular surface reconstruction in stem cell deficiency diseases (DBT)-2006.(completed) 

4.      Assesment of Safety and efficacy of  Relinethre ^TM – EAU (an antilogous bioengineered conjunctiva) in the treatment of conjunctival disorders (2008 onwards).  

5.    IH and molecular studies on WntB-Catenin signaling pathway in sebaceous cell carcinoma of the eye lid. (Ph.D.Thesis – March 2007 onwards). 

6.     Isolation, Expansion & characterization of corneal limbal epithelial cells. (Ph.D. Thesis – February 2006 onwards)  

7.     Identification and characterization of differentially expressed gene in human retinoblastoma-(Phd Thesis –March 2006 onwards).  

Research Publications: 

1.     Kashyap S, Sen S, Sharma MC, Betharia SM, Bajaj MS: Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the orbit: report of three cases. Can J Ophthalmology 2004 ; 39 : 552-556

2.     Sen S, Mahindrakar A, Betharia SM, Bajaj MS, Kashyap S, Ghose S : Pleomorphic adenomas of the lacrimal gland:a clinicipathological analysis : Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004 ; 32: 523-525. 

3.     Sen S, Venkatesh P, Moolchand.Primary Intraocular Hydatid cyst with Glaucoma. J Pediatr Ophthalmol.Strabismus. 2003; 40 (5): 312-3. 

4.     Sen S,  Kashyap S, Singh UB, Nagasuresh V, Chand M, Garg SP Intraocular tuberculosis mimicking retinoblastoma-A case report. Diagnostic Cytopathology 2003; 28: 107-109. 

5.     Sen S, Kashyap S, S.M.Betharia SM: Primary Orbital Plasmacytoma-A case report Orbit 2003; 22: 317-319.

6.     Sen S, Kashyap S, Thanikachalam S, Betharia SM:  Primary Primitive Neuroectodermal tumour of the orbit. Report of a case. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2002; 39: 242-244. 

7.     Kashyap S, Sen S, Sharma MC, Sethi A. Diagnostic intraocular aspiration cytology of choroidal melanoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002: 26: 389- 391. 

8.     Sen S, Sharma A, Panda A. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2007, 55:361-3. Immunohistochemical localization of human papilloma virus in conjunctival neoplasias: A retrospective study. 

9.     Kashyap S,Sen S,Betharia SM,Dade VK; Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the orbit a clinicopathological study Orbit 2001:20;63-68.  

10.   Kashyap S.kapila k,Verma K;Cytologic spectrum seen in fine needle aspirates from Thyroglossal Cysts:J Cytol 2001:18;21-24. 

11.   Kashyap S: Intoacoular fine needle aspiration biopsy in Retinoblastoma.DOS Times 2001:7;26. 

12.   Kashyap S,Kapila K,Kumar N,Geeta G,Rath GK,Verma K;Nucleolar organizer regions and morphologic subtypes of squamous cell carcinoma of squamous cell carcinoma of cervicx..Ind J Pathol Microbiol 1998;41:303-308.